Regulatory T cells fail to suppress CD4+ T-bet+ T cells in relapsing multiple sclerosis patients.
Molecular Cell Biology Homework
Director :
Writer : 吳家瑋
Institute : Immunology , first grade
ID : 9789003
Date : 12/19
Paper : Giovanni Frisullo, Viviana Nociti, Raffaele Iorio,1 Agata K as el. Regulatory T cells fail to suppress CD4+ T-bet+ T cells in relapsing multiple sclerosis patients. Immuno,2008;178:1341-8.
l 多發性硬化症(multiple sclerosis; MS)
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多發性硬化症(multiple sclerosis; MS)是一種自體免疫性疾病(autoimmune disease),即患者體內的免疫系統無法分辨何者是自己的細胞,何者為外來侵犯物,造成免疫系統攻擊自身的組織,白血球會通過血腦障蔽進入中樞神經系統中攻擊髓鞘(myelin),造成髓鞘的損傷,髓鞘像電線的塑膠皮一樣具有絕緣的功能,讓不同的電線不致短路,同時髓鞘還可以加速神經訊號的傳導。當髓鞘受到損傷時,腦與脊髓的電流脈衝就無法快速有效地沿著神經纖維傳送,神經訊號的傳導就會變慢甚至停止。個人體質或病毒都有可能促成這種免疫反應,但更詳細的病因目前還不清楚。
" fitpath="t" trim="t">雖然多發性硬化症主要的成因目前仍是未知,但累積的研究證據顯示,一些環境因子(environmental factor)或遺傳因子(genetic factor)可能與多發性硬化症的病因有關,學術上也分環境理論與遺傳理論來研究此疾病。
主要可能的因素,目前比較清楚的理論有兩個:(一)基因遺傳缺陷和(二)環境因素。
基因遺傳缺陷認為個體得多發性硬化症的難易度取決於是由特定的遺傳因子所影響。例如統計結果發現多發性硬化症在白人的發生率遠高於住在同樣高危險區的印地安人、非洲黑人及亞洲人。推測上如果有個特定的還環境因素會造成多發性硬化症,那麼只有那些遺傳上對此環境因素敏感的人會真正發 " fitpath="t" trim="t">病。一般人的高病率約是0.15%,若是雙親或兄弟姊妹中有人有多發性硬化症,則得病率約 為1~4%。從比較同卵雙生與異卵雙生雙胞胎的研究發現,當其中有一人得多發性硬化症後,另一人得病的機率異卵雙生雙胞胎為2%,同卵雙生雙胞台高達25~30%。這個資料為遺傳理論提供了強力的證據,但因為只有少數的同卵雙生雙胞胎會都得病,這也指出環境影響的重要性。
" fitpath="t" trim="t">環境因素理論認為是環境中的因子引起多發性硬化症,支持這樣的證據包括發現住在溫帶地區的多發性硬化症患者比住在熱帶及亞熱帶的人要多,研究人員開始找尋造成或增加多發性硬化症的可能因素,包括病毒或細菌的感染、環境毒物、日照時間的長短、溫度及濕度的變化和飲食。從人口遷移的研究可以支持環境理論的論點,調查發現出生在高風險區(例如高緯度)的人若在15歲以前移居到低風險區(例如高緯度),那麼這群人中得多發性硬化症的機率也較低。反之若出生在低風險區的人在15歲以前移居到高風險區,那麼這群人中得多發性硬化症的機率會比較高。
此病的症狀端視其所影響的神經組織而定,患者可能出現的症狀如下。
" fitpath="t" trim="t">1. 視覺:視力模糊、視野缺損、不自主的眼球跳動 、視力喪失。2. 平衡、協調問題:失去平衡感、顫抖、走路不穩、頭暈、四肢不靈活、身體喪失協調能力。
" fitpath="t" trim="t">3. 肢體無力:程度與範圍不定,可能偏癱,下肢癱或是四肢癱。4. 肌肉痙攣:因肌肉痙攣或僵硬影響活動力、抽筋。5. 感覺改變:會有麻木、刺痛、或灼熱的感覺。身體被套上厚皮或其他難以形容的感覺。有顏面疼痛(三叉神經痛)、肢體痛。6. 語言能力:講話速度便慢、發音模糊、講話節奏改變、吞嚥困難。7. 疲勞:很常見。8. 消化系統:便秘、失禁。9. 泌尿系統:頻尿、尿液無法完全排空。10. 性功能:陽萎、性慾喪失。11. 對熱敏感12. 認知、情緒問題:短期記憶會有問題,專注力、判斷力、會有問題。
l Summary of paper
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic inflammatory demyelinating disease
of the central nervous system and a defect in the regulatory T-cell subset
seems to be involved in the pathogenesis of the disease.
多發性硬化症(multiple sclerosis; MS)是一種中樞神經系統產生脫髓鞘反應的疾病,且最近的發現說明了Multiple sclerosis(MS)的生成和T-cell族群的缺陷有關。
Foxp3 is a transcription factor that is selectively expressed in CD4+ CD25+ regulatory T cells and is required for their development and function.
Foxp3是一個轉錄因子,會選擇性的表現在CD4+ CD25+的調控型T細胞,且和CD4+ CD25+的調控型T細胞的發育和功能有關。
T-bet is a key transcription factor for the development of T helper 1 (Th1) cells.
T-bet是一個對『第一型輔助型T細胞』非常重要的轉錄因子。
We found that both the percentage of circulating CD4+ CD25+ Foxp3+ cells and Foxp3 expression were lower in relapsing-remitting (RR) MS patients during relapses than during remission.
作者發現,在「復發-緩解型多發性硬化症(RR MS)病人」中,其CD4+ CD25+ Foxp3+的細胞和Foxp3的表現量都很低。
Otherwise, the percentage of CD4+ T-bet+ T cells and T-bet expression in CD4+ T cells were higher in relapsing than in remitting RRMS patients.
除此之外,CD4+ T-bet+ T細胞和生成T-bet的CD4+ T細胞在復發型的病人較緩解型多發性硬化症(RR MS)病人,具有較高的細胞量。
CD4+ CD25+ T cells both from relapsing and from remitting RRMS patients showed significantly less capacity than corresponding cells from healthy subjects to suppress autologous CD4+ CD25) T-cell proliferation, despite a similar Foxp3 expression level.
且來自「復發-緩解型多發性硬化症(RR MS)病人」的CD4+ CD25+T細胞,較正常的細胞來說,比較無法去抑制自體CD4+ CD25+ T細胞的增生,及使在相似的Foxp3表現量。
CD4+ CD25+ T cells from healthy subjects and patients in remission clearly reduced T-bet mean fluorescence intensity (MFI) in CD4+ CD25- T cells up to a ratio of 1:10, whereas CD4+ CD25+ T cells from patients in relapse were able to reduce T-bet expression only at a high ratio.
來自健康體和恢復病人的CD4+ CD25+ T細胞,其T-bet的平均螢光強度都有降低,表示T-bet的生成量大量減少,甚至和病人比較後,得到1:10(正常:病人)結果。而且,如果要想讓T-bet的生成量大量減少的話,就必須使用大量來自復原病人的CD4+ CD25+ T細胞。
Our data indicate that the increased number of regulatory T (T-reg) cells and the increased Foxp3 expression in circulating CD4+ CD25+ T cells may contribute to the maintenance of tolerance in the remission phase of MS.
作者的數據顯示出,增加的調控型T 細胞(T-reg)和生成Foxp3的CD4+ CD25+ T 細胞,是形成多發性硬化症(multiple sclerosis; MS)耐受力的原因。
Moreover, the inhibitory capacity of CD4+ CD25+ T cells seems to be impaired in relapsing patients under inflammatory conditions, as shown by the high levels of T-bet expression in CD4+ T cells.
除此之外,就發炎範疇的討論而言,CD4+ CD25+ T細胞的抑制力和復原型多發性硬化症的恢復力有很大的關係,這樣的結論由在復原病人中發現大量表現T-bet的CD4+ T細胞。
l introduction
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic inflammatory demyelinating disease of the central nervous system (CNS).1
多發性硬化症(multiple sclerosis; MS)是一種中樞神經系統產生脫髓鞘反應的慢性疾病,
Important steps in the pathogenesis of MS are the generation of autoaggressive brain-specific T cells and their invasion of the target organ.2
多發性硬化症(multiple sclerosis; MS)的病理成因是因為對腦部器官與組織具有專一性的T細胞大量累積所致。
According to the current concept, the autoaggressive T cells are activated in the peripheral immune organs (e.g. by cross-reacting with microbial antigen) before they are capable of trans-migrating across the blood–brain barrier.2,3
根據最新的研究顯示,那些對於腦有專一性的T細胞都是來自於周邊的淋巴組織(這些T細胞因在周邊組織接受了一些微生物抗原而具有專一性)。且這些T細胞有能力轉移並通過血腦障壁,且進一步傷害腦組織。
Within the brain, the autoaggressive T cells are re-activated and trigger inflammation, resulting in myelin and neuronal damage.4
在腦中,這些因誤導自體抗原,而聚集的T細胞可以重覆的活化,進一步造成腦部持續的發炎,最後造成髓鞘和神經元的受損。
The differentiation of T helper (Th) cells into the different subsets is determined by several factors, including cytokines, strength of T-cell receptor (TCR) signal, dose and form of antigens, antigen-presenting cells, co-stimulator molecules engagement and genetic background.
輔助型T細胞的分化有很多影響的因素,像是:細胞激素、T細胞受器訊號、抗原的種類和劑量、抗原呈現細胞、協同刺激分子的參與和基因的背景。
However, the main regulation of T-cell differentiation and cytokine pathways seems to be provided by cytoplasmic and nuclear transcription factors.5
然而,主要調控T細胞分化的因素似乎是細胞質和細胞核內的轉錄因子。
T-bet has been identified as a key transcription factor for the development of Th1 cells and the induction of interferon-c (IFN-c) production.6
T-bet已經被證實是一個關鍵的轉錄因子,在第一型輔助型T細胞的發育上和C型干擾素的誘發有關(IFN-c)。
T-bet is induced during T-cell activation by the IFN-c–signal transducer and activator of transcription 1 (STAT1) signalling pathway7 and once expressed amplifies the production of IFN-c.8
當T細胞被「C型干擾素(IFN-c)」或「第一型轉錄活化因子途徑」活化時,會同時誘發T-bet的生成。
Mice lacking T-bet are protected from the development of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE)9 and in vivo administration of T-bet-specific antisense oligonucleotide inhibits EAE.10
※EAE是多發性硬化症(multiple sclerosis, 簡稱MS)的一種動物實驗模式
※Antisense是利用單股DNA或RNA來進行特定基因的抑制
※encephalomyelitis:腦脊髓炎
藉由動物實驗證明,當腦內缺乏T-bet時,不論是用腦脊髓炎的動物模型測試或是用抑制T-bet基因的方式,都可以得到神經免於受損的結果。
CD4+ Th1 cells producing IFN-c were previously thought to mediate EAE, but new data have shown that interleukin (IL)-17-producing cells play a crucial role in the pathogenesis of the disease.11
之前的研究報告顯示出,CD4+第一型輔助細胞所生成的C型干擾素是造成腦脊髓炎的主因。但是,最新的研究顯示出,白細胞介素-17似乎才是造成多發性硬化症(multiple sclerosis; MS)的病理成因。
A recent study showed that T-bet is also necessary for the expression of IL-23 receptor (IL-23R) and the survival of Th1 cells.12
最近的研究報告顯示出,T-bet似乎也是白細胞介素-23受器的生成和第一型輔助T細胞的存活的必要條件。
Foxp3 is a transcription factor that is expressed in CD4+ CD25+ regulatory T (T-reg) cells,13 and it is required for T-reg cell development and function.14,15
轉錄因子Foxp3 ,是由CD4+ CD25+調控型T細胞所生成,且參與調控型T細胞的發育和功能表現。
Ectopic expression of Foxp3 is sufficient to confer suppressive activity and to induce a T-reg cell phenotype in conventional CD4+ CD25) T cells repressing the production of cytokines and up-regulating the expression of CD25, glucocorticoid-induced tumour necrosis factor receptor (GITR) and cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen-4 (CTLA-4).16
研究發現,異位的Foxp3表現可以促進調控型T細胞對周邊CD4+ CD25+ T細胞產生抑制效果,可降低其細胞激素的表現量和調控CD25的產生。被抑制的細胞激素包含GITR和CTLA-4 。
Mutations in Foxp3 result in autoimmune lymphoproliferative diseases in both humans and mouse.17,18
Foxp3基因的突變,會造成淋巴細胞的過度增生,進一步造成自體免疫反應產生組織傷害,而這樣的結果同時在人類和老鼠動物模型中被證實。
CD4+ CD25+ Foxp3+ T-reg cells limit inflammation and tissue damage in disease models of organspecific autoimmune diseases such as EAE,19 and a decreased expression of Foxp3 protein20,21 and mRNA20,22 was found in CD4+ CD25+ T cells from relapsing remitting MS (RRMS) patients but not in secondary progressive MS patients.22
由EAE實驗模型可知,CD4+ CD25+ Foxp3+ 調控型T細胞可以有效抑制發炎而使組織免於傷害,且實驗發現,來自於「復發-緩解型多發性硬化症(RR MS)病人」的CD4+ CD25+ T細胞,其Foxp3的蛋白質或mRNA的表現量都很低,但這樣的結果不包括第二級的多發性硬化症(MS)病人。
In our previous study we found a strong up-regulation of T-bet in circulating CD4+, CD8+ T cells and monocytes from the peripheral blood of RRMS patients in relapse compared with patients in remission and controls. 23
在最近於緩解型多發性硬化症病人的研究顯示出,T-bet在調控循環中的CD4+, CD8+ T細胞和單核球有非常重要的意義,可使惡化的情況受到控制而緩解。
In the present study we evaluated the number of circulating CD4+ T-bet+ cells and the mean T-bet expression in CD4+ lymphocytes and the number of circulating T-reg cells and the mean Foxp3 expression in CD4+ CD25+ T cells from RRMS patients in different phases of disease and from healthy subjects.
在最近的研究報告中,我們從病人和健康控制組中,統計計算得到了T-bet在CD4+T細胞的平均表現量、循環中CD4+ T-bet+細胞的數量和循環中控制型T細胞的數量,不只如此,我們同時也統計出了Foxp3在CD4+ CD25+ T細胞的表現量。
We also studied the capacity of T-reg cells to suppress CD4+ CD25+ cell proliferation and T-bet expression.
我們也同時評估了調控型T細胞對CD4+ CD25+細胞和T-bet表現量的抑制能力。
Director :
Writer : 吳家瑋
Institute : Immunology , first grade
ID : 9789003
Date : 12/19
Paper : Giovanni Frisullo, Viviana Nociti, Raffaele Iorio,1 Agata K as el. Regulatory T cells fail to suppress CD4+ T-bet+ T cells in relapsing multiple sclerosis patients. Immuno,2008;178:1341-8.
l 多發性硬化症(multiple sclerosis; MS)
" fitpath="t" trim="t">
多發性硬化症(multiple sclerosis; MS)是一種自體免疫性疾病(autoimmune disease),即患者體內的免疫系統無法分辨何者是自己的細胞,何者為外來侵犯物,造成免疫系統攻擊自身的組織,白血球會通過血腦障蔽進入中樞神經系統中攻擊髓鞘(myelin)
" fitpath="t" trim="t">雖然多發性硬化症主要的成因目前仍是未知,但累積的研究證據顯示,一些環境因子(environmental factor)或遺傳因子(genetic factor)可能與多發性硬化症的病因有關,學術上也分環境理論與遺傳理論來研究此疾病。
主要可能的因素,目前比較清楚的理論有兩個:(一)基因遺傳缺陷和(二)環境因素。
基因遺傳缺陷認為個體得多發性硬化症的難易度取決於是由特定的遺傳因子所影響。例如統計結果發現多發性硬化症在白人的發生率遠高於住在同樣高危險區的印地安人、非洲黑人及亞洲人。推測上如果有個特定的還環境因素會造成多發性硬化症,那麼只有那些遺傳上對此環境因素敏感的人會真正發 " fitpath="t" trim="t">病。一般人的高病率約是0.15%,若是雙親或兄弟姊妹中有人有多發性硬化症,則得病率約 為1~4%。從比較同卵雙生與異卵雙生雙胞胎的研究發現,當其中有一人得多發性硬化症後,另一人得病的機率異卵雙生雙胞胎為2%,同卵雙生雙胞台高達25~30%
" fitpath="t" trim="t">環境因素理論認為是環境中的因子引起多發性硬化症,支持這樣的證據包括發現住在溫帶地區的多發性硬化症患者比住在熱帶及亞熱帶的人要多,研究人員開始找尋造成或增加多發性硬化症的可能因素,包括病毒或細菌的感染、環境毒物、日照時間的長短、溫度及濕度的變化和飲食。從人口遷移的研究可以支持環境理論的論點,調查發現出生在高風險區(例如高緯度)的人若在15歲以前移居到低風險區(例如高緯度),那麼這群人中得多發性硬化症的機率也較低。反之若出生在低風險區的人在15歲以前移居到高風險區,那麼這群人中得多發性硬化症的機率會比較高
此病的症狀端視其所影響的神經組織而定,患者可能出現的症狀如下。
" fitpath="t" trim="t">1. 視覺:視力模糊、視野缺損、不自主的眼球跳動 、視力喪失
" fitpath="t" trim="t">3. 肢體無力:程度與範圍不定,可能偏癱,下肢癱或是四肢癱。
l Summary of paper
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic inflammatory demyelinating disease
of the central nervous system and a defect in the regulatory T-cell subset
seems to be involved in the pathogenesis of the disease.
多發性硬化症(multiple sclerosis; MS)是一種中樞神經系統產生脫髓鞘反應的疾病,且最近的發現說明了Multiple sclerosis(MS)的生成和T-cell族群的缺陷有關。
Foxp3 is a transcription factor that is selectively expressed in CD4+ CD25+ regulatory T cells and is required for their development and function.
Foxp3是一個轉錄因子,會選擇性的表現在CD4+ CD25+的調控型T細胞,且和CD4+ CD25+的調控型T細胞的發育和功能有關。
T-bet is a key transcription factor for the development of T helper 1 (Th1) cells.
T-bet是一個對『第一型輔助型T細胞』非常重要的轉錄因子。
We found that both the percentage of circulating CD4+ CD25+ Foxp3+ cells and Foxp3 expression were lower in relapsing-remitting (RR) MS patients during relapses than during remission.
作者發現,在「復發-緩解型多發性硬化症(RR MS)病人」中,其CD4+ CD25+ Foxp3+的細胞和Foxp3的表現量都很低。
Otherwise, the percentage of CD4+ T-bet+ T cells and T-bet expression in CD4+ T cells were higher in relapsing than in remitting RRMS patients.
除此之外,CD4+ T-bet+ T細胞和生成T-bet的CD4+ T細胞在復發型的病人較緩解型多發性硬化症(RR MS)病人,具有較高的細胞量。
CD4+ CD25+ T cells both from relapsing and from remitting RRMS patients showed significantly less capacity than corresponding cells from healthy subjects to suppress autologous CD4+ CD25) T-cell proliferation, despite a similar Foxp3 expression level.
且來自「復發-緩解型多發性硬化症(RR MS)病人」的CD4+ CD25+T細胞,較正常的細胞來說,比較無法去抑制自體CD4+ CD25+ T細胞的增生,及使在相似的Foxp3表現量。
CD4+ CD25+ T cells from healthy subjects and patients in remission clearly reduced T-bet mean fluorescence intensity (MFI) in CD4+ CD25- T cells up to a ratio of 1:10, whereas CD4+ CD25+ T cells from patients in relapse were able to reduce T-bet expression only at a high ratio.
來自健康體和恢復病人的CD4+ CD25+ T細胞,其T-bet的平均螢光強度都有降低,表示T-bet的生成量大量減少,甚至和病人比較後,得到1:10(正常:病人)結果。而且,如果要想讓T-bet的生成量大量減少的話,就必須使用大量來自復原病人的CD4+ CD25+ T細胞。
Our data indicate that the increased number of regulatory T (T-reg) cells and the increased Foxp3 expression in circulating CD4+ CD25+ T cells may contribute to the maintenance of tolerance in the remission phase of MS.
作者的數據顯示出,增加的調控型T 細胞(T-reg)和生成Foxp3的CD4+ CD25+ T 細胞,是形成多發性硬化症(multiple sclerosis; MS)耐受力的原因。
Moreover, the inhibitory capacity of CD4+ CD25+ T cells seems to be impaired in relapsing patients under inflammatory conditions, as shown by the high levels of T-bet expression in CD4+ T cells.
除此之外,就發炎範疇的討論而言,CD4+ CD25+ T細胞的抑制力和復原型多發性硬化症的恢復力有很大的關係,這樣的結論由在復原病人中發現大量表現T-bet的CD4+ T細胞。
l introduction
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic inflammatory demyelinating disease of the central nervous system (CNS).1
多發性硬化症(multiple sclerosis; MS)是一種中樞神經系統產生脫髓鞘反應的慢性疾病,
Important steps in the pathogenesis of MS are the generation of autoaggressive brain-specific T cells and their invasion of the target organ.2
多發性硬化症(multiple sclerosis; MS)的病理成因是因為對腦部器官與組織具有專一性的T細胞大量累積所致。
According to the current concept, the autoaggressive T cells are activated in the peripheral immune organs (e.g. by cross-reacting with microbial antigen) before they are capable of trans-migrating across the blood–brain barrier.2,3
根據最新的研究顯示,那些對於腦有專一性的T細胞都是來自於周邊的淋巴組織(這些T細胞因在周邊組織接受了一些微生物抗原而具有專一性)。且這些T細胞有能力轉移並通過血腦障壁,且進一步傷害腦組織。
Within the brain, the autoaggressive T cells are re-activated and trigger inflammation, resulting in myelin and neuronal damage.4
在腦中,這些因誤導自體抗原,而聚集的T細胞可以重覆的活化,進一步造成腦部持續的發炎,最後造成髓鞘和神經元的受損。
The differentiation of T helper (Th) cells into the different subsets is determined by several factors, including cytokines, strength of T-cell receptor (TCR) signal, dose and form of antigens, antigen-presenting cells, co-stimulator molecules engagement and genetic background.
輔助型T細胞的分化有很多影響的因素,像是:細胞激素、T細胞受器訊號、抗原的種類和劑量、抗原呈現細胞、協同刺激分子的參與和基因的背景。
However, the main regulation of T-cell differentiation and cytokine pathways seems to be provided by cytoplasmic and nuclear transcription factors.5
然而,主要調控T細胞分化的因素似乎是細胞質和細胞核內的轉錄因子。
T-bet has been identified as a key transcription factor for the development of Th1 cells and the induction of interferon-c (IFN-c) production.6
T-bet已經被證實是一個關鍵的轉錄因子,在第一型輔助型T細胞的發育上和C型干擾素的誘發有關(IFN-c)。
T-bet is induced during T-cell activation by the IFN-c–signal transducer and activator of transcription 1 (STAT1) signalling pathway7 and once expressed amplifies the production of IFN-c.8
當T細胞被「C型干擾素(IFN-c)」或「第一型轉錄活化因子途徑」活化時,會同時誘發T-bet的生成。
Mice lacking T-bet are protected from the development of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE)9 and in vivo administration of T-bet-specific antisense oligonucleotide inhibits EAE.10
※EAE是多發性硬化症(multiple sclerosis, 簡稱MS)的一種動物實驗模式
※Antisense是利用單股DNA或RNA來進行特定基因的抑制
※encephalomyelitis:腦脊髓炎
藉由動物實驗證明,當腦內缺乏T-bet時,不論是用腦脊髓炎的動物模型測試或是用抑制T-bet基因的方式,都可以得到神經免於受損的結果。
CD4+ Th1 cells producing IFN-c were previously thought to mediate EAE, but new data have shown that interleukin (IL)-17-producing cells play a crucial role in the pathogenesis of the disease.11
之前的研究報告顯示出,CD4+第一型輔助細胞所生成的C型干擾素是造成腦脊髓炎的主因。但是,最新的研究顯示出,白細胞介素-17似乎才是造成多發性硬化症(multiple sclerosis; MS)的病理成因。
A recent study showed that T-bet is also necessary for the expression of IL-23 receptor (IL-23R) and the survival of Th1 cells.12
最近的研究報告顯示出,T-bet似乎也是白細胞介素-23受器的生成和第一型輔助T細胞的存活的必要條件。
Foxp3 is a transcription factor that is expressed in CD4+ CD25+ regulatory T (T-reg) cells,13 and it is required for T-reg cell development and function.14,15
轉錄因子Foxp3 ,是由CD4+ CD25+調控型T細胞所生成,且參與調控型T細胞的發育和功能表現。
Ectopic expression of Foxp3 is sufficient to confer suppressive activity and to induce a T-reg cell phenotype in conventional CD4+ CD25) T cells repressing the production of cytokines and up-regulating the expression of CD25, glucocorticoid-induced tumour necrosis factor receptor (GITR) and cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen-4 (CTLA-4).16
研究發現,異位的Foxp3表現可以促進調控型T細胞對周邊CD4+ CD25+ T細胞產生抑制效果,可降低其細胞激素的表現量和調控CD25的產生。被抑制的細胞激素包含GITR和CTLA-4 。
Mutations in Foxp3 result in autoimmune lymphoproliferative diseases in both humans and mouse.17,18
Foxp3基因的突變,會造成淋巴細胞的過度增生,進一步造成自體免疫反應產生組織傷害,而這樣的結果同時在人類和老鼠動物模型中被證實。
CD4+ CD25+ Foxp3+ T-reg cells limit inflammation and tissue damage in disease models of organspecific autoimmune diseases such as EAE,19 and a decreased expression of Foxp3 protein20,21 and mRNA20,22 was found in CD4+ CD25+ T cells from relapsing remitting MS (RRMS) patients but not in secondary progressive MS patients.22
由EAE實驗模型可知,CD4+ CD25+ Foxp3+ 調控型T細胞可以有效抑制發炎而使組織免於傷害,且實驗發現,來自於「復發-緩解型多發性硬化症(RR MS)病人」的CD4+ CD25+ T細胞,其Foxp3的蛋白質或mRNA的表現量都很低,但這樣的結果不包括第二級的多發性硬化症(MS)病人。
In our previous study we found a strong up-regulation of T-bet in circulating CD4+, CD8+ T cells and monocytes from the peripheral blood of RRMS patients in relapse compared with patients in remission and controls. 23
在最近於緩解型多發性硬化症病人的研究顯示出,T-bet在調控循環中的CD4+, CD8+ T細胞和單核球有非常重要的意義,可使惡化的情況受到控制而緩解。
In the present study we evaluated the number of circulating CD4+ T-bet+ cells and the mean T-bet expression in CD4+ lymphocytes and the number of circulating T-reg cells and the mean Foxp3 expression in CD4+ CD25+ T cells from RRMS patients in different phases of disease and from healthy subjects.
在最近的研究報告中,我們從病人和健康控制組中,統計計算得到了T-bet在CD4+T細胞的平均表現量、循環中CD4+ T-bet+細胞的數量和循環中控制型T細胞的數量,不只如此,我們同時也統計出了Foxp3在CD4+ CD25+ T細胞的表現量。
We also studied the capacity of T-reg cells to suppress CD4+ CD25+ cell proliferation and T-bet expression.
我們也同時評估了調控型T細胞對CD4+ CD25+細胞和T-bet表現量的抑制能力。
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